![]() ![]() Among the noninvasive ones, reflectance spectroscopy provided good sexing results at mid incubation periods, while hyperspectral imaging enabled reliable sexing limited to layer strains with sex-specific feather color at mid incubation periods. Several approaches of chicken egg sexing have been proposed in the attempt to solve the dilemma between economy and ethics by providing an alternative to day-old chick culling in layer hatcheries.īoth noninvasive and invasive sexing methods have been explored in the recent years. The increasing specialization of chicken lines for either egg production or meat yield performance has made the male layers worthless, so that the freshly hatched cockerels are immediately eliminated. We do not have any other relevant declarations relating to employment, consultancy, patents, products in development or modified products etc. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Patents and patent applications on in ovo sexing by Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy (DE20141010150, WO2015DE00342 and US9835560: Method and device for the Raman spectroscopic, in ovo sex determination of fertilised and incubated birds' eggs DE102016004051 and WO2017174337, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur optischen in-ovo Geschlechtsbestimmung von befruchteten und bebrüteten Vogeleiern). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: The project was supported by funding from the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL, based on a decision by the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany via the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE, under an innovation support program (grant n. Received: OctoAccepted: JanuPublished: February 23, 2018Ĭopyright: © 2018 Galli et al. PLoS ONE 13(2):Įditor: Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Institute of Materials Science, GERMANY (2018) Sexing of chicken eggs by fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy through the shell membrane. Therefore, this approach offers the best premises towards practical deployment in the hatcheries.Ĭitation: Galli R, Preusse G, Schnabel C, Bartels T, Cramer K, Krautwald-Junghanns M-E, et al. ![]() ![]() After compensation, we attain a correct sexing rate above 90% by applying supervised classification of spectra. We analyze the effect of the membrane above the vessels on fluorescence signal intensity and on Raman spectrum of blood, and propose a correction method to compensate for it. Sparing the shell membrane makes the measurement minimally invasive, so that the sexing procedure does not affect hatching rates. Here, we show that near infrared Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy can be performed on perfused extraembryonic vessels while leaving the inner egg shell membrane intact. However, such kind of optical spectroscopy requires a window in the egg shell, is thus invasive to the embryo and leads to decreased hatching rates. dom.) eggs already during the fourth incubation day. Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy of blood offers the potential for precise and contactless in ovo sex determination of the domestic chicken ( Gallus gallus f. In order to provide an alternative to day-old chick culling in the layer hatcheries, a noninvasive method for egg sexing is required at an early stage of incubation before onset of embryo sensitivity. ![]()
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